What does "ethical relativism" mean?

Ethical relativism refers to the idea that what is considered morally right or wrong can differ based on cultural, social, or individual circumstances. This perspective emphasizes that ethical beliefs are not absolute but rather shaped by the norms, values, and traditions of particular groups or people. For example, certain practices that are seen as acceptable in one culture may be viewed as unethical in another. Thus, ethical relativism advocates for an understanding that moral judgments can vary significantly and that these differences should be recognized and respected.

This concept contrasts sharply with other perspectives such as ethical universalism, which upholds the belief in universal moral standards, or positions that assert the validity of all ethical perspectives without considering the context in which they arise. Ethical relativism also does not imply that ethics should always be aligned with legal standards, as laws can differ significantly from moral considerations. Therefore, option B accurately encapsulates the essence of ethical relativism.